The Association Between Tea and Coffee Consumption and Hemoglobin Levels in Female Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the association of tea and coffee consumption habits on hemoglobin levels in female adolescents in Madiun City, East Java, Indonesia.
Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,575 female students in junior and senior high schools. Tea and coffee consumption habits were assessed through interviews, and hemoglobin levels were measured using the HemoCue Hb301. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the association between tea and coffee consumption and hemoglobin levels.
Results: The study found a significant difference in mean hemoglobin levels between groups with different tea and coffee consumption habits (p-value<0.001). The mean hemoglobin concentration was 12.82±1.42 g/dL, with a total anemia prevalence of 22.5%. The average tea consumption was 1.84±2.40 cups per week, and the average coffee consumption was 0.95±2.04 cups per week. The study suggests that frequent consumption of tea and coffee may contribute to lower hemoglobin levels.
Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of awareness about the association of tea and coffee consumption on hemoglobin levels among female adolescents.
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