Development of Indomethacin Nanostructure Lipid Carrier Incorporated in Emulgel
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to develop and optimize an indomethacin (IND)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based emulgel for enhanced topical drug delivery.
Material and Methods: IND-loaded NLCs were prepared at varying drug concentrations and characterized for physicochemical properties and colloidal stability. The optimized NLC formulation was incorporated into emulgels with different component ratios and evaluated for rheological properties, drug content, release kinetics, and in vitro skin permeation.
Results: The NLCs containing 5.0 % w/w IND exhibited optimal physicochemical characteristics, with a particle size of 160.50±1.10 nm and a narrow size distribution (PDI <0.3), along with good stability. The formulation also demonstrated good stability. The optimized emulgel and the formulation (S1; NLC: gel base: emulsion ratio of 4:2:4) demonstrated desirable rheological behavior, controlled drug release, and enhanced skin permeation.
Conclusion: The developed IND-NLC emulgel exhibits good stability, controlled release, and improved skin permeation, highlighting its potential as an effective topical delivery system for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
O’Brien M, McCauley J, Cohen E. Indomethacin. In: Florey K, editor. Analytical Profiles of Drug Substances. Baghdad: 13: Academic Press; 1984;p.211-38.
Sweetman SC, Martindale C. The complete drug reference: London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2009.
Löbenberg R, Amidon GL. Modern bioavailability, bioequivalence and biopharmaceutics classification system. New scientific approaches to international regulatory standards. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2000;50:3-12.
Mikulak SA, Vangsness CT, Nimni ME. Transdermal delivery and accumulation of indomethacin in subcutaneous tissues in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998;50:153-8.
Naseri N, Valizadeh H, Zakeri-Milani P. Solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers: structure, preparation and application. Adv Pharm Bull 2015;5:305-13.
Müller RH, Radtke M, Wissing SA. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) in cosmetic and dermatological preparations. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2002;54:S131-55.
Müller RH, Radtke M, Wissing SA. Nanostructured lipid matrices for improved microencapsulation of drugs. Int J Pharm 2002;242:121-8.
Beloqui A, Solinís M, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Almeida AJ, Préat V. Nanostructured lipid carriers: promising drug delivery systems for future clinics. Nanomedicine 2016;12:143-61.
Poonia N, Kharb R, Lather V, Pandita D. Nanostructured lipid carriers: versatile oral delivery vehicle. Future Sci OA 2016;2:Fso135.
Pooja J, Shaikh D, Rahul D. Emulgel Review – A Novel Topical Drug Delivery System. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2024;84.
Sharma V, Nayak SK, Paul SR, Choudhary B, Ray SS, Pal K. 9 - Emulgels. In: Pal K, Banerjee I, editors. Polymeric Gels: Woodhead Publishing; 2018;p.251-64.
Arunprasert K, Pornpitchanarong C, Piemvuthi C, Siraprapapornsakul S, Sripeangchan S, Lertsrimongkol O, et al. Nanostructured lipid carrier-embedded polyacrylic acid transdermal patches for improved transdermal delivery of capsaicin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022;173:106169.
Sarkis N, Sawan A. Method development for simultaneously determining indomethacin and nicotinamide in new combination in oral dosage formulations and co-amorphous systems using three UV spectrophotometric techniques. Int J Anal Chem 2024;2024.
Ghasemiyeh P, Mohammadi-Samani S. Potential of nanoparticles as permeation enhancers and targeted delivery options for skin: advantages and disadvantages. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020;14:3271-89.
Danaei M, Dehghankhold M, Ataei S, Hasanzadeh Davarani F, Javanmard R, Dokhani A, et al. Impact of particle size and polydispersity index on the clinical applications of lipidic nanocarrier systems. Pharmaceutics 2018;10.
Lukić M, Pantelić I, Savić SD. Towards optimal pH of the skin and topical formulations: from the current state of the art to tailored products. Cosmetics 2021;8:69.
Azhar Shekoufeh Bahari L, Hamishehkar H. The impact of variables on particle size of solid lipid nanoparticles and nanostructured lipid carriers; a comparative literature review. Adv Pharm Bull 2016;6:143-51.
Huang G, Xu B, Qiu J, Peng L, Luo K, Liu D, et al. Symmetric electrophoretic light scattering for determination of the zeta potential of colloidal systems. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020;587:124339.
Nguyen VH, Thuy VN, Van TV, Dao AH, Lee B-J. Nanostructured lipid carriers and their potential applications for versatile drug delivery via oral administration. OpenNano 2022;8:100064.
Syed Azhar SNA, Ashari SE, Zainuddin N, Hassan M. Nanostructured lipid carriers-hydrogels system for drug delivery: nanohybrid technology perspective. Molecules 2022;27.
Pareek A, Kapoor DU, Yadav SK, Rashid S, Fareed M, Akhter MS, et a. Advancing lipid nanoparticles: a pioneering technology in cosmetic and dermatological treatments. Colloid and Interface Science Communications. Colloids Interface Sci Commun 2025;64:100814.
Alquraisy A, Ramadhani K, Mohammed AFA, Wilar G, Osman-W, Elamin KM, et al. Nanostructured lipid carrier-gels for wound healing: a narrative review of formulation strategies, mechanisms, and translational potential. Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2026;19:1-24.
Yılmaz Usta D, Teksin ZS, Tugcu-Demiroz F. Evaluation of emulgel and nanostructured lipid carrier-based gel formulations for transdermal administration of ibuprofen: characterization, mechanical properties, and Ex-Vivo skin permeation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024;25:124.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.