Cognitive Enhancement Through Two-Handed Sword Training: A Single-Group Pre–Post Pre-Experimental Study in Healthy Thai Collegiate Sword Athletes
Abstract
Objective: This pre-experimental study examined the effects of an eight-week structured two-handed sword training program on cognitive function—specifically, processing speed, executive functions, and spatial ability—in healthy Thai collegiate sword athletes.
Material and Methods: Thirty-four healthy university students (25 males, 9 females) were selected via systematic random sampling. Participants completed an eight-week two-handed sword training program, three sessions per week. Perceived exertion and heart rate were recorded after each session. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline, week 4, and week 8 using a computerized battery, including Simple and Choice Reaction Time Tests, Trail Making Test (A and B), Flanker Test, Design Fluency Test, Mental Rotation Test, and Spatial Visualization Test. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way repeated measures ANOVA or the Friedman test, with significance set at p-value<0.05.
Results: Significant improvements were observed in choice reaction time (effect size 1.27, CI=−1.26 to −0.58, p-value<0.001), attention (effect size 0.77, CI=−1.08 to −0.43, p-value=0.03), working memory (effect size 0.25, CI=−1.34 to −1.33, p-value<0.001), cognitive flexibility (effect size 1.05, CI=8.18 to 21.62, p-value<0.001), and spatial ability (effect size 0.56, CI=1.19 to 1.42, p-value<0.001). No significant changes were found in simple reaction time, cognitive inhibition, or selective attention.
Conclusion: The eight-week two-handed sword training program significantly enhanced cognitive performance, particularly in complex processing speed, executive functions, and spatial ability, indicating its potential as an effective cognitive enhancement intervention for young athletes.
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