Exploring the Synergistic Anti-inflammatory Properties of Clove Oil and Mangosteen Extract in LPS-Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to optimize and evaluate the synergistic anti-inflammatory effects of mangosteen extract and clove oil by assessing their inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM).
Material and Methods: RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with LPS were used as an in vitro inflammation model. Central Composite Design (CCD) within RSM was employed to optimize the concentrations of mangosteen extract and clove oil for maximal inhibitory activity.
Results: Mangosteen extract and clove oil exhibited (IC₅₀) values of 2.37±1.12 mg/mL and 6.97±2.13 mg/mL, respectively, and showed dose-dependent inhibition of TNF-α production. The optimized combination (0.60 mg/mL mangosteen extract and 0.48 mg/mL clove oil) demonstrated a synergistic effect, achieving maximum inhibition of 43.30±1.4%.
Conclusion: These findings provide strong evidence for the synergistic anti-inflammatory potential of mangosteen extract and clove oil, supporting their development as natural alternatives for anti-inflammatory applications.
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