Thai Translation and Psychometric Testing of the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to describe the translation process and to test the psychometric properties of the Measure of Moral Distress for Healthcare Professionals (MMD-HP) among Thai nurses.
Material and Methods: The MMD-HP was administered via an electronic survey to registered nurses at 2 large tertiary care hospitals in a southern province in Thailand. The MMD-HP was translated into the Thai language using the modified Brislin’s cross-cultural instrument translation method. Reliability was analyzed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis with promax rotation.
Results: In total, 448 surveys were included in the final analysis. A three-factor structure was understandable and appropriate. The 3 factors were labeled as system-level, team-level, and patient/family-level root causes of moral distress. The overall internal consistency of the MMD-HP was 0.94; with 0.89, 0.89, and 0.85 for the system-level, team-level, and patient/family-level root causes, respectively.
Conclusion: Our analysis found that the 3-factor solutions of the Thai version of the MMD-HP was most appropriate in our context. Our study found it to be a reliable, valid, and useful tool to measure moral distress among nurses in the Thai context. It is an appropriate tool to be used cross-culturally.
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