The Short-term Effects of Coffee and Caffeine on Intraocular Pressure in Healthy Subjects
Abstract
Objective: Coffee consumption is a prevalent habit with potential implications for ocular health. This study investigated the short-term effect of caffeine in coffee beverages on healthy subjects’ intraocular pressure (IOP).
Material and Methods: Thirty subjects (10 males, 23.40±1.33 years) attended three visits at similar times. During each visit, subjects were asked to ingest either 250 ml of water, 250 ml of caffeinated coffee, or 250 ml of decaffeinated coffee within five minutes. The initial drink set was randomised. IOP was measured before ingestion (baseline) and at 0-, 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 30, 45-, and 60 minutes after each beverage consumption. Repeated measures of ANOVA and pairwise analysis were utilised to analyse the IOP difference within and between groups.
Results: Baseline IOP across beverage groups were not significantly different (p-value>0.05). Water and caffeinated coffee groups showed a significant increase in IOP over time (p-value<0.0005), whereas decaffeinated coffee did not (p-value=0.437). The highest IOP values recorded were 16.09±2.41 mmHg for water and 15.22±2.26 mmHg for caffeinated coffee, 10 minutes and 15 minutes post-consumption, respectively. IOP spiked until minute 45 for the caffeinated coffee group but only until minute 20 for the water group. IOP in the water and caffeinated coffee groups returned to baseline levels by minute 30 and 60, respectively.
Conclusion: Caffeinated coffee has a prolonged effect on increasing IOP compared to water. Additionally, low doses of caffeine, such as those found in decaffeinated coffee, may protect against IOP spikes. Further study is needed to investigate the long-term effect of coffee and caffeine consumption on ocular health.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Kueh ABH. Spent ground coffee–awaking the sustainability prospects. Environ Toxicol 2021;1:1-6.
Poole R, Kennedy OJ, Roderick P, Fallowfield JA, Hayes PC, Parkes J. Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes. BMJ 2017;359:j5024.
Kim J, Aschard H, Kang JH, Lentjes MAH, Do R, Wiggs JL, et al. Intraocular pressure, glaucoma, and dietary caffeine consumption: a gene–diet interaction study from the uk biobank. Ophthalmology 2021;128:866-76.
Bhowmik D, Kumar KPS, Deb L, Paswan S, Dutta AS. Glaucoma -a eye disorder its causes, risk factor, prevention and medication. J Pharm Innov 2012;1:66-81.
Jaén-Díaz JI, Cordero-García B, López-De-Castro F, De-Castro-Mesa C, Castilla-López-Madridejos F, Berciano-Martínez F. Diurnal variability of intraocular pressure. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol 2007;82:675-9.
Bae JH, Kim JM, Lee JM, Song JE, Lee MY, Chung PW, et al. Effects of consumption of coffee, tea, or soft drinks on open-angle glaucoma: Korea national health and nutrition examination survey 2010 to 2011. PLoS One 2020;15.
Nehlig A. Interindividual differences in caffeine metabolism and factors driving caffeine consumption. Pharmacol Rev 2018;70:384-411.
Avisar R, Avisar E, Weinberger D. Effect of coffee consumption on intraocular pressure. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:992-5.
Chandra P, Gaur A, Varma S. Effect of caffeine on the intraocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol 2011;5:1623-9.
Bussel II, Aref AA. Dietary factors and the risk of glaucoma: a review. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2014;5:188.
Jiwani AZ, Rhee DJ, Brauner SC, Gardiner MF, Chen TC, Shen LQ, et al. Effects of caffeinated coffee consumption on intraocular pressure, ocular perfusion pressure, and ocular pulse amplitude: a randomized controlled trial. Eye (Lond) 2012;26:1122-30.
Aziz NAA, Ali ANA, Kamaruddin MN, Shaari NA, Hitam WHW, Yaakub A, et al. Coffee intake and progression of glaucoma. Int J Clin Nutr 2015;3:7-11.
Okimi PH, Sportsman S, Pickard MR, Fritsche MB. Effects of caffeinated coffee on intraocular pressure. Appl Nurs Res 1991;4:72-6.
Li M, Wang M, Guo W, Wang J, Sun X. The effect of caffeine on intraocular pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2011;249:435-42.
Higginbotham EJ, Kilimanjaro HA, Wilensky JT, Batenhorst RL, Hermann D. The effect of caffeine on intraocuular pressure in glaucoma patents. Ophthalmology 1989;96:624-6.
Vera J, Redondo B, Molina R, Bermúdez J, Jiménez R. Effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure are subject to tolerance: a comparative study between low and high caffeine consumers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019;236:811-9.
Nieber K. The impact of coffee on health. Planta Med 2017;83:1256-63.
Portillo OR, Arévalo AC. Caffeine. A critical review of contemporary scientific literature. Bionatura 2022;7.
Hu GL, Wang X, Zhang L, Qiu MH. The sources and mechanisms of bioactive ingredients in coffee. Food Funct 2019;10:3113-26.
Hecht I, Burgansky-Eliash Z, Maharshak I, Achiron A. Effects of coffee and tea on ocular health and disease. Handbook of nutrition, diet, and the eye. Massachusetts: Academic Press; 2019;p.293-301.
Chandrasekaran S, Rochtchina E, Mitchell P. Effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure: the blue mountains eye study. J Glaucoma 2005;14:504-7.
Ajayi OB, Ukwade MT. Caffeine and intraocular pressure in a Nigerian population. J Glaucoma 2001;10:25-31.
Dervişoğulları MS, Totan Y, Yüce A, Kulak AE. Acute effects of caffeine on choroidal thickness and ocular pulse amplitude. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2016;35:281-6.
Yumpu. The quantitative determination of caffein in beverages and soft drinks using UV wavelength spectroscopy. [homepage on the Internet]. Staffordshire: Bibby Scientific; 2012 [cited 2024 Aug 4]. Available from: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/5811181/the-quantitative-determination-of-caffeine-in-beverages-jenway
Belay A, Ture K, Redi M, Asfaw A. Measurement of caffeine in coffee beans with UV/vis spectrometer. Food Chem 2008;108:310-5.
Ma D, Wei S, Sun Y, Li SM, An WZ, Hu JP, et al. Distribution of IOP and its relationship with refractive error and other factors: the anyang university students eye study. Int J Ophthalmol 2021;14:554-9.
Rashidi N, Syah Md Mustafa MM, Ahmad N, Megat Basri MAF, Mohammad NA, Yusof F. The effect of body posture changes and central corneal thickness on intraocular pressure among healthy malays. Walailak J Sci & Tech (WJST) 2021;18:9172.
Zeppieri M, Gurnani B. Applanation Tonometry. StatPearls 2023. [serial on the Internet]. 2023 [cited 2024 Aug 4]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK582132/
Ikegami K. Circadian rhythm of intraocular pressure. J Physiol Sci 2024;74:14.
Tran T, Niyadurupola N, O’Connor J, Ang GS, Crowston J, Nguyen D. Rise of intraocular pressure in a caffeine test versus the water drinking test in patients with glaucoma. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2014;42:427-32.
Ilechie AA, Tetteh S. Acute effects of consumption of energy drinks on intraocular pressure and blood pressure. Clin Optom (Auckl) 2011;3:5-12.
Madeira MH, O rtin-Martinez A, Nadal-Nícolas F, Ambrósio AF, Vidal-Sanz M, Agudo-Barriuso M, et al. Caffeine administration prevents retinal neuroinflammation and loss of retinal ganglion cells in an animal model of glaucoma. Scientific Reports 2016;6:1-13.
Kurata K, Maeda M, Nishida E, et al. Relationship between caffeine-induced ocular hypertension and ultrastructure changes of non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells in rats. J Toxicol Sci 1997;22:447-54.
Vasconcelos De Moraes CG, Castro Reis AS, de Sá Cavalcante AF, Sano ME, Susanna R. Choroidal expansion during the water drinking test. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009;247:385-9.
Goldberg I, Clement CI. The water drinking test. Am J Ophthalmol 2010;150:447-9.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.